That shouldn’t make sense. It’s not like the ECC info is stored in additional bits separate from the data, it’s built in with the data so you can’t “ignore” it. Hmm, off to read the paper.

The ECC information is stored in separate DRAM devices on the DIMM. This is responsible for some of the increased cost of DIMMs with ECC at a given size. When marketed the extra memory for ECC are typically not included in the size for DIMMs so a 32GB DIMM with and without ECC will have differing numbers of total DRAM devices.

There's a pretty good set of diagrams and descriptions of the faults in this paper https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725843.3756089.

Also to the parent: there's an updated public paper on DDR4 era fault observations https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10071066

I think you responded to the wrong person, unless you think I was implying that the extra bits needed for ECC didn’t need extra space at all? I wasn’t suggesting that - just that they aren’t like a checksum that is stored elsewhere or something that can be ignored - the whole 72 bits are needed to decode the 64 bits of data and the 64 bits of data cannot be read independently.

If we're talking about standard server RDIMMs with ECC (or the prosumer stuff) the CPU visible ECC (excluding DDR5's on-die ECC) is typically implemented as a sideband value you could ignore if you disabled the correction logic.

I suppose what winds up where is up to the memory controller but (for DDR5) in each BL16 transaction beat you're usually getting 32 bits of data value and 8 bits of ECC (per sub channel). Those ECC bits are usually called check bits CB[7:0] and they accompany the data bits DQ[31:0] .

If you're talking about transactions for LPDDR things are a bit different there, though as that has to be transmitted inband with your data

We are talking about errors happening in user space applications with ECC operating normally and what the application ultimately sees.

My point is that when writing an app you wouldn’t be able to “not use” ECC accidentally or easily if it’s there. It’s just seamless. I’m not talking about special test modes or accessing stuff differently on purpose.

Interesting that DDR5 is different than DDR4. 8 bits for 32 is doubling of 8 for 64 so it must have been warranted.

I fully agree with you ! Neither soft nor hard memory errors, nothing… but but flips ,and reproducible at that.

We scanned all our machines following this ( a few thousand servers ) and found out that ram issues were actually quite common, as said in the paper.

If we’re being pragmatic, it solves enough problems that you could still call it an undisputed win for stability.

I'm sorry, but I, just like your admins, don't believe this. It's theoretically possible to have "undetectable" errors, but it's very unlikely and you'd see a much higher than this incidence of detected unrecoverable errors and you'd see a much higher incidence than this of repaired errors. I just don't buy the argument of "invisible errors".

EDIT: took a look on the paper you linked and it basically says the same thing I did. The probability of these cases becomes increasingly and increasingly small and while ECC would indeed, not reduce it to _zero_ it would greatly greatly reduce it.

Well my admins eventually believed me , so I’m fairly comfortable with what I said.

We also had a few thousands of physical servers with about of terabyte of ram each.

You are right : we did see repaired errors, but we also saw (indirectly, and after testing ) unrepaired ones

Ok, I am sure there is _some_ amount of unrepairable errors.

But the initial discussion was that ECC ram makes it go away and your point that it doesn't. And the vast vast majority of the errors, according to my understanding and to the paper you pointed to, are repairable. About 1 out of 400 ish errors are non-repairable. That's a huge improvement! If you had ECC ram, the failures Firefox sees here would drop from 10% to 0.025%! That is highly significant!

Even more! 2 bit errors now you would be informed of! You would _know_ what is wrong.

You could have 3(!) bit errors and this you might not see, but they'd be several orders of magnitude even rarer.

So yes, it would not 100% go away, but 99.9 % go away. That's... Making it go away in my book.

And last but not least, this paper mentions uncorrectable errors. It says nothing of undetectable ecc errors! You said _undetectable_ errors. I'm sure they happen, but would be surprised if you have any meaningful incidence of this, even at terabytes of data. It's probay on the order of 0.000625 of errors you can get ( but if you want I can do more solid math)

We’re in agreement.

I think we diverge on ‘making it go away in my book’.

When you’re the one having to debug all these bizarre things ( there were real money numbers involved so these things mattered ), over millions of jobs every day , rare events with low probability don’t disappear - they just happen and take time to diagnose and fix.

So in my book ecc improves the situation, but I still had to deal with bad dimms, and ecc wasn’t enough. We used not to see these issues because we already had too many software bugs, but as we got increasingly reliable, hardware issues slowly became a problem, just like compiler bugs or other elements of the chain usually considered reliable.

I fully agree that there are lots of other cases where this doesn’t matter and ecc is good enough.

Thanks for taking the time to reply !

Oh, I get this point. If you have a sufficiently large amount of data an you monitor the errors and your software gets better and better even low probability cases will happen and will stand out.

But this is sort of the march of nines.

My knee jerk reaction to blaming ECC is "naaah". Mostly because it's such a convenient scapegoat. It happens, I'm sure, but it would not be the first explanation I reach for. I once heard someone blame "cosmic rays" on a bug that happened multiple times. You can imagine how irked I was on the dang cosmic rays hitting the same data with such consistency!

Anyways, I'm sorry if my tone sounded abrasive, I, too, have appreciated the discussion.

:-) never forget Occam’s razor !

No you were not abrasive at all - I’ve learned to assume good faith in forum conversations.

In retrospect I should have started by giving the context ( march of 9s is a good description) actually, which would have made everything a lot clearer for everyone.

You're thinking in terms of independent errors. I would think that this assumption is often not the case, so 3 errors right next to each other are comparatively likely to happen (far more than 3 individual errors). This would explain such 'strange' occurrences about ECC memory.

were they 3-bit flips?

It seems extremely unlikely that you’d end up with a lot of those but no smaller detectable errors.