Being directly involved in the execution of the example you gave, I believe ML would be unnecessary and error-prone.
Even if successful, a system which could "interpret" a health record (such as a freetext note) using anything other than properly codified data would set the health industry back a decade. Moving doctors away from freetexting their notes is the only way to advance the industry.
It will be a generational shift. You won't get current doctors (over 40) to change their ways, ever.
My previous doctor (who was probably mid-50s) didn't use email or any kind of secure electronic messaging system. Everything had to be faxed to him.
My new doctor who is younger uses all kinds of digital tools including a voice recorder with a pre-trained text-to-speech engine that understands medical terminology and codifies the transcription based on keywords.
So it's not entirely getting away from freetext but at least it's extracting some structured data from it automatically.
Even if successful, a system which could "interpret" a health record (such as a freetext note) using anything other than properly codified data would set the health industry back a decade. Moving doctors away from freetexting their notes is the only way to advance the industry.