1. Early version of a product especially when in hurry with features delivery are going to be "temporarily definitive" implementation. As soon a feature reached the production the code has to be considered "legacy code"
2. Technical debt is a choice, and when you have too much of it you enter in a spiral of death.
3. The quote from Donald Knuth is only a poor excuse to slack and to justify bad development habits. Writing efficient code most of the time doesn't require more time than not (choose the right container or the right algorithm for example).
4. It's a so generic statement that adds no info at all.
"For >95% of startups [...] That means technical resources are rarely the cause of success or the reason for failure."
that's the best statement of the whole post that more or less sounds like this:
"In Africa 90.3% of people die due to: nutritional causes, hearth disease, cancer and diabets, why send over there good doctors then?"