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Key steps for early-stage founders to ensure successful outcomes with limited data


He prepared it for injection by drawing it through cotton before injecting the concoction into his veins.

I don't think I understand this. And the fact the injected juice of boiled mushrooms made mushroom grow in his veins... It's beyond my sub-mediocre understanding.


> He prepared it for injection by drawing it through cotton before injecting the concoction into his veins.

This is a preparation stolen from heroin users. The idea is that you only want the water-soluble (i.e. dissolves in water) parts, and that the non-water-soluble parts are bad. So the cotton is meant to catch anything that isn't dissolved in the water. It's likely effective at catching large particulate.

> And the fact the injected juice of boiled mushrooms made mushroom grow in his veins... It's beyond my sub-mediocre understanding.

Mushrooms reproduce with spores, which are basically tiny tiny seeds. Too small to be caught by a cotton filter; solutions that have spores in them look like they're just kind of grey, you can't see the individual spores with a naked eye.

Spores are also some of the toughest things on the planet to kill. Surviving boiling wouldn't be crazy surprising to me. Anthrax spores (which is a bacteria, not a fungus) have been under the permafrost in the Arctic for who knows how long, and are infecting animals as the permafrost thaws.

Also, the article says he poured boiling water over them. Dumb, it's not going to uptake much of the psylocibin from the mushrooms on a single poor, but you know those gills on the bottom of the mushroom? The part with all the rows of really thin flesh? Those are covered in spores, and pouring water over them will definitely wash those spores into your solution.

Long story short, the guy was a moron. I think he was attempting to make injectible psylocibin, but that is a) generally unnecessary, and b) far more difficult than "lemme boil some mushrooms in water". At the very least, I would think you would want to isolate the psylocibin. Right now, he's injecting psylocibin, spores, and whatever bacteria he washed off the mushrooms with his boiling water bath. I'm not willing to bet my life that boiling water is enough to make it safe to inject. Maybe safe to drink in an emergency, but I would not risk sepsis for this.


Thank you, I saw that news in Reddit and was also wondering how it happened. Yours is the best explanation I've read.


Some bit of non-dead mushroom survived his amateur purification process.


I imagine he got the idea from heroine users.

I know nothing about biology either, but I'm guessing some spores survived the boiling and simply passed through the cotton.


I've dipped my toes a bit into mycology.

Spores can survive atmospheric boiling temperatures of water. Often a pressure cooker is used to sanitize substrate (wheat, and many other things) to grow mushrooms on. This ensures the only spores that exist on your substrate is the ones that you want.


I believe you're referring to a mushroom growing technique called PF Tek. But following this technique, you are supposed to wait until the substrate is done boiling and has come back to room temperature before inoculating it with spores.


Most fungal spores have only moderate heat resistance and die at temperatures below 80 degrees Celsius.

Substrate sterilization with a pressure cooker prevents bacterial growth and inactivates fungal virus that may ruin your harvest.


I think you mean above 80 degrees Celsius


No, I specifically meant below. I should have written " ... die at temperatures even below 80 degrees Celsius".


Introducing xSigma DeFi (the first #DeFi project with a public team & the open support of a Nasdaq listed company $ZKIN)


Your brain’s most important job isn’t thinking; it’s running the systems of your body to keep you alive and well.

I'll remind myself that from now on giving the fact I'm always feeling guilty for not doing too much thinking.


The scope of Duolingo is very limited. I think it's well established that most courses get you to somewhere around A2, B1 at best, which is just enough to be a bit challenging, but not enough to make you able to expand your knowledge on your own.


I think you'll see discrimination against any national whose country is having big trouble with the virus. Like Italians and Italy.


Create a cure for it, and start producing and selling it.


Visitors to the site can browse reconstructions that date back as early as 1200 BCE, the Mycenaean period — or Bronze Age — through Classical Athens, featuring the rebuilds made necessary by the Greco-Persian War, and ages of occupation by Romans and Ottomans.

Now this is something exciting I would like to try.


To prevent falling victim to this attack, it is highly recommended that all WhatsApp users update the app to the latest version.

Do I have to do this myself? Doesn't update itself?


It usually does, but you can disable updates in Play Store.

> The exploit works well until WhatsApp version 2.19.230. The vulnerability is official patched in WhatsApp version 2.19.244


Pal Benko was one of the world's top grandmasters in the 1950s and 60s, playing in the Candidates Tournaments in 1959 and 1962 and notching up wins against the likes of Bobby Fischer and Mikhail Tal. He achieved that despite spending a year and a half in a Soviet concentration camp and defecting to the US in 1957.

What a legend! RIP


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